A dictionary definition of efficiency is performing a task using the least resources and producing the least waste.

Solar energy can certainly demonstrate efficiency by both measures. Consumers who use solar can realize long-term savings thanks to smaller utility bills and potential revenue from energy credits.

Solar energy efficiency has come a long way since the first photovoltaic (PV) solar cells were created in 1883. Back then, they converted only 1 to 2% of the total sunlight into usable energy. 

Today’s PV solar cells have an average commercial energy conversion rate of 15 to 20%, and high-efficiency panels can reach as high as 23%. 

Increasing the energy conversion rate is the only way to improve that efficiency further. However, scientists say the limit of what’s possible is 33%. 

If you have solar energy or are thinking about installing it, what else can make solar energy more efficient? 

Eliminate shade 

The first, and perhaps most obvious, way is to eliminate shade around solar panels. While direct sunlight is not necessary for solar panels to work, panels under shade do not produce a high enough output to be efficient. This is part of the reason deciding on an ideal location before installation is critical. 

Face south 

Another reason that location is important is to ensure optimal orientation for efficiency. Generally speaking, the ideal orientation is for solar panels to face south, ensuring maximum sunlight exposure throughout the day to get the highest output possible. 

Keep them clean 

After solar panels are installed, they need occasional cleaning. How often this occurs depends on the climate where the solar panels are located. They are particularly susceptible to natural dust accumulation, which can lead to as much as a 13% decline in output over three months. 

Regularly assess the panels 

Regular check-ups are key to maintaining efficiency. Quarterly preventive checks might help identify unusual output trends that could be hampering efficiency. This could be in conjunction with using energy management software to track the daily levels of generation. 

Reduce reflection 

Another helpful action is to invest in anti-reflection coatings for the solar panels. Sunlight can be lost through reflection, reducing what remains available to convert into energy. 

Control power consumption 

Managing power consumption can increase solar efficiency. Avoid running appliances like a dishwasher, microwave, and washing machine simultaneously, and turn off lights and fans when possible. 

Add batteries 

Finally, add solar batteries to enhance the system’s power to store unused energy during the day. Installing batteries close to solar panels will reduce any energy lost in transmission. 

Jennifer Scott is member experience manager at Whitewater Valley REMC in Liberty, Indiana